2023-2024 论述题 一

Advances in artificial intelligence have the potential to affectgrowth,inequality, productivity , innovation, andemployment.

ChatGPT, in particular, has greatly increased public awareness about the significance of AI and its implications for the future. What impact will the development of AI have on economic inequality, the composition of the workforce, and economic output as a whole? 

How can nations prepare for the micro and macroeconomic changes brought about by AI?

人工智能（AI）的进步有可能影响到增长、不平等、生产力、创新和就业。特别是OpenAI的ChatGPT，极大地提高了公众对AI的重要性和其对未来的影响的认识。AI的发展将对经济不平等、劳动力结构和整体经济产出产生何种影响？各国如何准备应对AI带来的微观和宏观经济变化？

2023-2024 论述题 二

Measuring national and global economic activity allows us to understand how economies change in size and structure—how they grow and contract. In addition to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), government budgets, and the money supply, alternatives like the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross National Income (GNI) are used to assess economic progress. What are the advantages of our current economic indices, including GDP, HDI, GNI, government budgets, and the money supply, and in what areas are they lacking? Which of these indices do you find most helpful, and how can we enhance or combine them to improve our understanding of economic measurement?

衡量国内和全球经济活动使我们能够了解经济体的规模和结构如何变化——他们是如何增长和收缩的。除了国内生产总值（GDP）、政府预算和货币供应量，人类发展指数（HDI）和国民总收入（GNI）等替代指标也被用来评估经济进步。我们当前的经济指数，包括GDP、HDI、GNI、政府预算和货币供应量的优点是什么，它们在哪些领域存在不足？你认为哪个指数最有用，我们如何可以提升或结合这些指数以提高我们对经济测量的理解？

2023-2024 论述题 三

Proponents of income redistribution support the idea that redistribution policies will increase economic stability and give more opportunities to the less wealthy. Others, however, are more skeptical and believe it could have negative consequences for economic growth. Current methods of redistribution include taxation, welfare, public services, and other monetary policies. What strategies for income redistribution should the U.S. adopt from other countries? What economic impacts could a wealth tax or super millionaire tax have? What type of redistribution is most effective and feasible? What would be the impacts of the U.S. enacting universal basic income? Discuss the implications of any of these issues and feel free to expand on other areas of economic redistribution.

收入再分配的支持者支持这样的观点，即再分配政策将增加经济稳定性并给予贫困者更多的机会。然而，其他人更持怀疑态度，认为这可能对经济增长产生负面影响。目前的再分配方法包括税收、福利、公共服务和其他货币政策。美国应该从其他国家借鉴哪些收入再分配的策略？财富税或超级百万富翁税会产生什么经济影响？哪种类型的再分配最有效且可行？如果美国实施全民基本收入，会产生什么影响？讨论这些问题的含义，并随意扩展到经济再分配的其他领域。

2023-2024 论述题 四

As the United States weighs the impacts of China’s rise to global prominence, economics and national security have become increasingly intertwined. As a result, the United States government has imposed both tariffs and investment restrictions on China to limit the nation’s access to both US markets and intellectual property (specifically in sensitive industries such as semiconductors). What are the economic implications of these policies for United States firms, consumers, and workers? Discuss the most important perspectives of the US-China trade war and provide suggestions on how both countries can manage the prospect of a changing economic order.

在权衡中国崛起为全球突出地位的影响时，美国的经济和国家安全日益交织在一起。因此，美国政府对中国实施了关税和投资限制，以限制该国对美国市场和知识产权（特别是在半导体等敏感行业）的获取。这些政策对美国公司、消费者和工人的经济影响是什么？讨论美中贸易战的最重要观点，并提出两国如何应对经济秩序变化的建议。