我们一起，来建一座普通人的博物馆 

｜走进口述史

另外，口述史研究者也需对其出版作品的读者负起责任。在编篡的过程中需遵循以下原则：

1. 任何标注为口述历史的文字作品都必须有按照录音逐字逐句整理成文字的原始抄本为依据

2. 在不影响语义理解的前提下，尽可能保持受访人说话的言语特点，以折射出其背后的心理特性。若原始抄本中采访人提问的语句成分缺漏导致语意不全，或受访人答非所问，编篡人有权力和义务增补齐全，或改变问句形式，但所有的增补修订，都必须以恰当方式予以说明，例如恰当使用括号、异体字、注释、编辑说明等。

Let's Build a Museum For Ordinary People Together｜Exploring Oral History

Because oral history research involves recording and disseminating a significant amount of personal information from interviewees, before conducting oral interviews, researchers must ensure that the interviewee is able to give informed consent to the interviewer’s exploration of different historical, social and human aspects of the topic.

Additionally, oral history researchers also have a responsibility to their readers when it comes to their published works. During the editing process, it is necessary to adhere to the following principles:

1. Any written work labeled as oral history must be based on real interviews. Oral history works must be based on the original transcripts, compiled word by word from the recordings.

2. The interviewee’s speech must be kept as specific as possible to reflect the emotional changes behind the interview, without affecting the semantic understanding. If the interviewer’s questions are missing from the original transcripts, resulting in incomplete meaning, or if the interviewee's answers are inaccurate, the editor has the right and obligation to add them all, or to change the form of the questions, but all additions and revisions must be explained in designated ways, such as parentheses, variant characters, comments, editorial notes, etc. 

3. Depending on the space limitations of the different sub-volumes, editors may make necessary deletions to the interviews, but these deletions must be made with a common priority ranking, such as professional experience first, socio-economic experience second, personal life history third, personal emotional history fourth, other information fifth, and oral history characteristics sixth.

The criteria for selecting subjects for oral history are that they have an interest in the project and are key figures in the interview topics (such as eyewitnesses to historical events). For a project that is under limited funds and time, priority should be given to interviewees who are representative and talkative.

The first impression created by the initial contact in oral history can significantly impact the interviewee’s willingness to cooperate, their attitudes, emotions, and even the manner of cooperation. There are generally three formal methods of contact: First is to have acquaintances introduce the interviewer to the interviewee after obtaining the interviewee's consent in advance. Second, ask interviewees who have already been interviewed to refer the interviews to others. Third, direct contact: only when the interviewer knows and is familiar with the interviewee. Among these three methods of contact, being referred by the interviewee is the most effective, followed by being referred by someone else. This is because a referral by the interviewee can introduce the purpose, significance, and process of oral history interviews, making it more convincing.

Strategy：

Interact in a mode that lies on the boundary between public distance and personal distance.

Purpose：

Gain on-site understanding and assessment of the interviewee's personality traits and mental state.

Personality Assessment Model for Oral History Interviewees:

1. Occupation

2. Level of education and educational background

3. Self-esteem and self-confidence

4. Mental state

5. Physical Health

6. Social Inclinations

7. Intuitive modalities and types of experiences

8. Emotional types and emotional stability

9. Intelligence Level

10. Psychological Openness and compatibility in cooperation

11. Thinking and Communication Abilities

12. Memory methods and proficiency

13. Verbal expression ability, self-awareness, and self-operating types

-Enables the interviewee to understand the interviewer and gain trust and acceptance

-Communicate the legal rights of the interviewer and the ethical obligations of the interviewer, discuss the collaboration methods, work expectations, and requirements

-Gain a comprehensive understanding of the interviewer’s life experiences, and history of their career, record relevant details and pose questions.

Special Questions：These are specifically tailored to the interviewee's life experience. They are formulated by synthesizing information obtained during pre-interview research, relevant literature, and the interviewee's personality assessment.

General Questions：These are question models designed for all interviewees (referring to Li Zhen's "200 Standard Questions for Oral History").

The guidelines should maintain a semi-official, semi-personal format. They should begin with greetings to the interviewee and provide a brief evaluation of the significance of their lifelong work, emphasizing the irreplaceable historical value of their personal account.

The guidelines should include statements that respect the interviewee and discuss the methodology and procedures for the interview.

The questioning approach should be based on the understanding and assessment of the interviewee gained from the pre-interview. It should not be copy model questions to prevent inadvertently hurting the interviewee's self-esteem, and enthusiasm, or even triggering emotional distress.

- The interviewee becomes the narrator, the central figure in oral history, while the interviewer should transform into a listener, prompter, and conversational partner, serving as a supporting role in the oral history process.

-In general, it is not advisable to interrupt the narrative unless we are certain that the narrator's thoughts and memories are becoming disorganized. In such cases, it is appropriate to provide gentle and discreet prompts to bring the focus back to the topic.

-A good oral history interview, regardless of its goals, always allows space for the interviewee to express their thoughts and feelings, rather than trying to fit their responses into pre-set questions and thought patterns.

-Interviewers should be mindful of their attitude and tone, and it’s extremely important to restrain, and avoid displaying attempts at dominance or an authoritative posture.

-Video recording equipment should be placed outside the interviewee's direct sight to prevent it from potentially affecting the interviewee's performance and causing a departure from their natural state.

-Includes information on interview time, location, frequency, duration, interviewer's name, assessment of the interviewee (physical, psychological, memory, verbal expression), and reflections on the interview process.

-There should be a summary of the conversation, comparing it with the interview guidelines, to reflect the comprehensive dynamics and changes in the oral history work.

-Every year during Qingming Festival, families gather to watch videos of passed-away elders, recalling and cherishing their memories, and sharing stories about the elders with the younger generations, helping them understand the family's origins.

-Parents record their child on his/her birthday each year, reflecting on the child's growth and achievements over the year, as well as their future goals and dreams. When the child grows up, the parents can present these videos as a gift and watch them together.

-Children who live separately from their parents can record video when visiting them, and ask them to share their life experiences. So that their thoughts and experiences can be retained while accompanying and listening to their parents.

- Apprentices can ask their skilled mentors to share their career experiences and craftsmanship. They can then summarize and disseminate this knowledge in society, allowing the public to walk into traditional crafts and see the dedication and craftsmanship of artisans.