求生技能||消防安全和急救知识知多少？-国际教育网

求生技能||消防安全和急救知识知多少？

上海宏润博源

2021-03-06

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求生技能||消防安全和急救知识知多少？

Survival Skills//How much do you know about fire safety and first aid?

求生技能

消防安全

急救常识

新学期开始，学校连着为同学们开展了两场重要的人生课堂：2月22日的消防安全培训和3月1日的急救常识培训。上海宏润博源学校致力于学生的全面发展和个性化成长，也非常重视同学们必要的生存救助技能的培训。

At the beginning of the new semester, our school organized two important lectures in succession on life skills --- one about fire safety on Feb. 22nd, and the other about First Aid on March. 1st . SHBS is committed to promoting students’ all-round development and individualized growth, and also values students' essential survival skills.

两场讲座的主讲人都是备受同学们喜爱的陈昆泰老师，他以专业的知识，富有表现力的语言和真实情景演绎，将消防安全和急救知识讲解地准确、清楚且有趣，牢牢地吸引着同学们去学习和吸收这些知识。

Both these two lectures were given by Mr. Everest Chen, who was very popular among students. Based on his professional expertise,Everest explained the knowledge on fire safety and first aid accurately and clearly. He talked so expressively and vividly that students were absorbed in the lectures.

PART 01

2月22日消防安全讲座

The lecture about fire safety on Feb. 22nd

向上滑动阅览

陈老师的讲座从提问开始，一下子就吸引同学们认真聆听，积极互动。

“你觉得你们家里最容易发生火灾的地方在哪里？”

同学们纷纷举手发言。

接着陈老师讲解了家庭火灾预防应注意的要点，并讲解了火灾的不同类型、灭火方式和逃生注意事项。

“认为发生火灾时，要弯着腰，低姿态逃出现场的同学请举手。”

“认为发生火宅时，要第一时间找到湿布捂住口鼻的同学请举手。”

“认为楼下着火时，应该往楼上跑的同学请举手。”

“好的，在真实的场景中，刚才举手的同学很可能都牺牲了。”接着，陈老师结合真实案例，讲解了现代消防逃生的正确做法，并解释了背后的原因。陈老师分享了一个令人印象深刻的火灾模拟实验，告诉我们“小火快跑，浓烟关门”背后的道理。在演示了不同火灾场景中的逃生技能，常用灭火器的使用方法和注意事项后，陈老师强调：火灾无情，预防为先。

火灾一旦发生，任何一秒都是宝贵的，每一个选择都能决定生死；掌握正确的消防知识至关重要，希望大家可以把今天学到的知识分享给自己的家人和朋友。

向上滑动阅览

Next, Everest called our attention to several points about how to prevent fire at home, explained to us different types of fire, fire-extinguishing methods, and escape precautions.

“If you agree that you should bend over and get out the scene when a fire breaks out, please raise your hand.”

“If you agree that the first thing to do is to get a wet a cloth to cover your mouth and nose when a fire breaks out, please raise your hand.”

“If you agree that you should escape by running upstairs if the apartment below yours catches fire, please raise your hand.”

“okay, in real-life situations, those who raised your hand just now might have been killed by the fire.”

Then Everest explained to us the correct ways to escape from a fire in modern times, and the reason behind those practices by citing real cases. He also impressed us with a fire simulation experiment, and made us realize the reason behind the advice: “ Run out of the scene quickly in the case of a small fire, and close the door in the case of dense smoke.” After demonstrating the escape skills in different fire scenes, the use of common fire extinguishers and related precautions, Everest stressed that since fire is merciless, priority should be given to the prevention of fire.

Once a fire breaks out, even a single second counts and your life and death may depend on each choice you make. Therefore, mastery of fire-fighting knowledge is of vital importance. We hope that students and teachers will share what you’ve learned today with your family and friends.

3月2日急救常识培训

The lecture about first aid on March 2nd

PART 02

陈老师首先向大家明确了急救的目的和原则，急救的目的是抓住关键时间稳定病患的情况，首要原则是：首选拨打120呼叫救护；在保证自己安全的情况下再对病患施救。

First of all, Everest Chen made everyone aware of the purpose and principles of first aid. The purpose of first aid is to seize the key moments to stabilize the patent’s conditions, and the primary principle is to call for an ambulance by dialing 120; to make sure that you are safe yourself before saving the patient.

接着，陈老师分别讲解了心肺复苏，外伤现场救助技能（止血、包扎、固定和搬运）以及运动创伤、烧烫伤、异物梗阻和溺水的急救措施。

Next, Everest respectively explained cardiopulmonary resuscitation, on-the-scene trauma rescue skills including hemostasis, bandaging, fixation and handling, as well as first aid measures to be taken in case of sports injuries, burns, FBAO and drowning.

已经考取过急救证的吴文昊同学协助陈老师进行现场急救演示：实施CPR前应该做的确认步骤，AED除颤仪的用法；异物梗阻时的救助动作等。

每个技能的讲解都非常清楚易懂，而且幽默风趣，重点突出，让同学们知其然，更知其所以然。

11th grader William Wu, a holder of first aid certificate, helped Everest demonstrate on the stage the confirmation steps that should be taken before the implementation of CPR, the use of AED and the correct rescue motions to be performed in case of FBAO.

Everest and William made each skill clear and easy to understand. They gave such a humorous and focused demonstration that students knew not only what to do but also why to do so.

这两堂培训课为同学们提供了非常重要的求生救助知识，关键时刻可以救人救己。同学们认真学习，积极互动。这不，胡哲远同学在听讲座时还认真地做了笔记，整理之后分享给大家。本周先分享他在消防安全培训时做的笔记。

Students have acquired crucial knowledge about survival and rescue skills by attending these two lectures. Equipped with such knowledge, they will be able to save themselves as well as others in the case of emergency. During the lectures, students listened attentively and interacted actively with the lecturer. Ninth Grader Eric Hu also took notes during the lectures. We will share them with everyone after sorting them out. This week,let’s read his notes on fire-fighting safety first.

胡哲远同学消防安全知识讲座笔记摘录

第一板块

The First Section

1.如何预防火灾
2.如果火灾已经发生，我们如何面对。
在时间和空间上不可控的火，我们统称为火灾，想要预防火灾就得做好生活中的点点滴滴，比如不能在会发热的大型电器（冰箱，洗衣机，电热毯）上堆置杂物，尤其是易燃易爆品，定期检查家里有没有火源，注意，电吹风在高水分的环境下，也就是浴室里，尽量不要用，因为水分的凝结和导电性可能会导致吹风机短路而导致爆炸，想要预防需定期查看滤网是否有杂物，定期清理，以及尽量不要在浴室里吹头发。还有一个是一个接线板，接了高功率电器就不要再接其他电器了，一个接线板的承受能力是有限的，一般的接线板在2500W左右，具体大小可以看说明书，商品介绍或商标。
火灾一旦发生，任何一秒都是宝贵的，每一个选择都能决定你的生死，而错误的消防知识可以直接害死一个生命。

第二板块（内含大量干货，请认真阅读）。

The Second Section

火灾一般分为五种，灭火分别有需要注意的点。
固体火灾（如木头，橡胶等家具）浇灭或盖灭
液体火灾（燃料）盖灭
气体火灾（甲烷）若只是泄漏，开窗通风，关电闸，不要明火
金属火灾 远离可燃物，等其自己灭
电器火灾 关电闸，再灭
发生了火灾的时候，要根据火势的大小来做出决定，如果火的大小还没有超过普通火把的大小时，这个时候的火是能通过灭火器等手段灭掉的，灭火器的使用方式大家都知道，拿出来后拉开保险栓即可使用，但是灭火器的灭火方法是喷出大量颗粒，黏在燃烧物上，所以喷的时候一定要对准着火的物品而非燃烧的火，然后从不同方向喷，使整个燃烧物都沾上颗粒，才能灭火。
但是！这种火只有在还是一点点大的时候能灭，一旦火已经超过“小火苗”能够定义的范围时，放弃灭火的念头，要首先想着怎么活命。

第三板块

The Third Section

同理，千万不要想着用塑料袋装空气然后当氧气瓶去逃生，塑料袋会被融化，里面的空气遇到烟雾和火甚至可能会爆炸。
说到这，就不得不说说人们对烟的误解，我相信很多人都跟我一样，以为烟只是一个火焰燃烧的产物，却丝毫没有了解过它的危险性！烟有三害：高温，易燃，有毒。
高温：烟雾的温度是超级高的，它易燃却能做到高温是因为没有空气（助燃物），所以一旦烟雾遇到氧气会立刻燃烧甚至发生爆炸，而其高温本身就能对人产生大量伤害。
易燃：烟雾的易燃性导致他一碰到木质的屋顶之类的可直接导致其燃烧，这也就有了一句烟飘到哪儿，火就烧到哪儿。
有毒：烟雾其中一氧化碳的含量很高，高到只需要一口就能将一个人硬生生放倒。
所以一旦有浓烟产生，就不要想着逃跑了，因为没有足够的环境和时间，找一个有窗户的房间，没有也没事儿，呆在里面，关上门，当房间内和房间外的烟雾气压保持一致，烟雾就只能慢慢的蔓延进来，这种速度是非常缓慢的，而开不开窗取决于气流，有时候风往室内灌，有时候风把气往外拉，而风向很难确认，最好的办法就是开一点窗，看门缝里有没有烟往里面飘，条件允许的话，尽可能把门缝堵上。
发生火灾，一定要保持冷静，判断情况，作出正确的判断。

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文|汪蓓莉&陈昆泰

翻译|徐栋

排版|Jang