2023年 084篇

今日托福考试虽口语写作又又又再现原题，我们都知道，ETS开发一套新题的成本非常高，所以托福考试重复使用老题成为必然。跟着学姐一起回顾吧！

Task 01

Some people think that speakers with controversial opinions should not be invited to speak at the university. Others believe that the university should feature a variety of speakers, regardless of their opinions. Which point of view do you agree with and why?

老师解题思路:

选择一个立场：是否支持邀请持有争议观点的演讲者。

提出至少两个支持自己观点的理由。

使用具体例子或经验来增强论点。

主题： 大学是否应邀请持有争议观点的演讲者

个人观点及原因解析： 我认为大学应该邀请持有各种观点的演讲者，包括那些具有争议性的观点。

观点一： 大学是学术自由和思想交流的场所。邀请持不同观点的演讲者能够激发学生的批判性思维，帮助他们学会从多个角度看待问题。例如，一个关于气候变化政策的辩论可以提供多种观点，使学生能够更全面地理解这个复杂的话题。

观点二： 面对争议性观点是成长和学习的重要部分。大学生将来在社会上也会遇到各种不同的意见和观点。通过在大学期间接触和讨论这些观点，他们可以更好地准备自己在未来的职业生涯中处理复杂和分歧的情况。

结论:大学应该鼓励知识和观点的多样性，这不仅有利于学术发展，也有助于学生的个人成长。

参考范文:

I believe universities should invite speakers with a variety of opinions, including controversial ones, as it promotes intellectual growth and critical thinking.

Firstly, universities are meant to be centers of diverse perspectives and academic freedom. Hosting speakers with different viewpoints encourages students to engage in critical analysis and open debate. For example, a discussion on climate change with speakers from opposing sides can provide a well-rounded understanding and challenge students to evaluate contrasting arguments.

Secondly, exposure to controversial opinions is vital for students' educational development. It prepares them for the real world, where they will encounter a multitude of perspectives. Understanding and debating these viewpoints in a university setting equips students with the skills needed to navigate complex issues in their future careers.

Lastly, avoiding controversial topics does not benefit students. It restricts their ability to critically assess different ideas and form their own reasoned opinions. Exposure to a range of thoughts, even if controversial, is crucial for a comprehensive education.

In summary, universities should embrace diverse viewpoints, including controversial ones, to foster a rich and challenging learning environment.

Task 02

学生向教授提了一个新建议,就是以后的这个所有的meeting都是线上进行,学生vedio线上教学和与教授沟通。列举了提出建议的原因：

1.经常不在学校,他去上课的day跟open meeting day不一定一样。如果online他就可以在家里问了。

2.学生很多,每次都要排好久的队,很多学生没机会问。

Task 03

older people incline to remember positives，找了两群老人做对照实验，一群是30岁，一群是70岁。老年人倾向于记住一些这个好的东西。

Task 04

defense fungi 杀死植物,植物两种防止真菌入侵的方法

菌类通常在潮湿环境中生长，而有些菌类则会附着在植物上，可能对植物造成损害。因此，植物发展出了防御机制来防止菌类的伤害。

第一种防御方式是外部防护，它可以阻止菌类的根系侵入植物体内。例如，有些植物的外表层覆盖着一层蜡质，这有助于防止菌类的生长。像番茄表面就含有化学物质，能够抑制菌类的生长。第二种防御方式是，当真菌已经在植物如大麦内生长时，大麦会让被真菌侵占的细胞死亡。这样当真菌无法获得营养时，就会死亡。

综合写作

giant squids为什么有largest eyes。

squids大眼睛的原因：hunting，mating和escape predators

1. squids用触觉捕食/捕猎,水底太黑了,看不见猎物,他一般用触觉捕。

2. mate的时候squids还young，它们在年轻时交配繁殖，而此时眼睛不大。

3. sperm whale用回升探测prey,最远可以探测300米,squids看不到那么远。乌贼逃避抹香鲸。抹香鲸用回声定位，距离远远大于他的视觉看到的。

讨论写作

养宠物好吗？

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have the children care for an animal.

(2021.11.13考题)

Do you agree or disagree：people should spend money on keeping pets even though they have better ways to use the money.

(2015.3.14考题)

Doctor 

children 在caring for a pet这种行为里面能不能得到benefits

学生一:

有好处。

学生二: 

不好。都是家长在养。

老师解题思路

主题：是否同意家长教授孩子责任感的最佳方式是让孩子照顾一只宠物

观点及解题思路：

1. 选择一个立场：支持或反对让孩子照顾宠物是教授责任感的最佳方式。

2. 提出至少两个支持自己观点的理由。

3. 使用具体例子或经验来增强论点。

个人观点：我同意让孩子照顾宠物是教授责任感的有效方法。

观点一：

照顾宠物需要日常的努力和关注，这可以帮助孩子学习如何承担长期的责任。例如，喂食、清洁和照顾宠物的健康都需要持续的关心和时间管理。

观点二：

通过照顾宠物，孩子能够学习到行动与后果之间的联系。例如，如果他们忘记喂食宠物，宠物可能会变得饥饿或不健康，从而教会孩子他们的行为对他人（或宠物）的重要性。

参考范文：

I agree that having children care for an animal is an effective way for parents to teach them about responsibility. This approach provides practical and continuous learning experiences, essential for understanding and developing a sense of responsibility.

Firstly, caring for a pet requires daily commitment and attention. Children learn how to undertake long-term responsibilities through regular tasks such as feeding, cleaning, and ensuring the pet's well-being. This routine helps inculcate the importance of consistency and time management in fulfilling responsibilities.

Secondly, looking after an animal teaches children the direct consequences of their actions. For instance, if a child forgets to feed their pet, the pet might become hungry or unwell. This experience teaches children the significance of their actions on others, in this case, their pet, fostering a deeper understanding of accountability and empathy.

Therefore, caring for a pet offers hands-on experiences in managing responsibilities and understanding the repercussions of one’s actions, making it a valuable method for parents to teach children about responsibility.

审题注意点：

Conversation

女学生找librarian借书，老师推荐去图书馆找，但是找不到，要电子版也不会下载，需要下午还，还有fine

Lecture

在自由市场中，产品的价格是由卖家和买家之间的互动决定的，具体来说，就是买家愿意支付的价格与卖家愿意接受的价格相匹配时形成的。

1.efficient market hypothesis,人事理性的,人会权衡利弊。

2.behavioraleconomictheory具体内容是人们做决策不是根据其长期利益，而是根据当时的emotion，而且人类很容易被错误的推理和错误的感知所影响。

3.adaptive market hypothesis,人们有时理性,有时不理想。当市场steady (稳定),那就理性,当市场不稳定,人们就不理性了。

脑电波的好处

有的人面对噪音，睡的很好，但是有的人睡的不好。研究人员就好奇这是为什么后来做了一个实验，研究结果发现，sleep spindle数量越多，睡眠质量越好。sleep spindle对学习能力的提升有影响，能让我们好好学习。

美国theater

美国内战后，随着人口的增长和生活水平的提高，诞生了一种新的戏剧形式。这种戏剧由十个独立的小节目组成，每个节目都彼此无关，属于轻松娱乐类型。它的特点是松散的结构，观众以前还可以向舞台上扔蔬菜表达不满，但随后剧院制定了新规则，要求观众表现得更加礼貌。

紫色尾巴蜂鸟

科学家们使用多种研究方法来判断一种鸟是否为杂交品种还是一个独立的物种。

Sensory Ecology

Some of the most important sensory information animals have to process comes from other animals. Interactions between predators and prey, parents and offspring, males and females both shape andare shaped by the characteristics of sensory systems. Most animals are subject to two conflicting selection pressures: be inconspicuous to predators but be conspicuous to potential mates.

One of the best illustrations of how the trade-off between these pressures has influenced signals and behavior involves the color patterns and mating behavior of guppies. Guppies are small South American fish that live in clear tropical streams. Mature males sport colored spots and patches that are used in courtship behavior. Male color pattern is heritable and varies in different populations. In experimental tests of the effectiveness of color patches, females are more likely to mate with males that have larger and brighter blue and orange, red, or yellow patches. Thus female choice creates sexual selection pressure for conspicuous coloration. In contrast,predators create selection pressure for cryptic coloration (coloration that helps hide organisms): duller, smaller color patches and patterns that match the background.

Dorset Culture

In the Canadian Arctic,the Pre-Dorset culture evolved into the Dorset culture by about 800 B.C.E. The Dorset culture,which was first recognized by Diamond Jenness in 1925,was named after Cape Dorset, where some of the first artifacts were discovered. Archaeologists originally believed that the Dorset culture was a new migration of people from Alaska,but this is no longer widely accepted.Understanding the transition from the Pre-Dorset to the Dorset culture is complicated because the rate of change was not equal in all areas of the Arctic. Starting about 1500 B.c.E ,a cooling trend began that lasted until about 1 c.e. The impact in the northern Arctic was that there were fewer land animals.While some Pre-Dorset people migrated south in search of a warmer environment,others did not migrate,were unable to adapt to the changes in the climate,and died of exposure or starvation. However, some developed the Dorset culture that allowed for survival in a colder environment.

固氮

氮元素（nitrogen）是植物生长必不可缺的元素。

空气中有78%的氮气（nitrogen gas），可植物却依然无法直接吸收这些氮气作为养料。大多数植物，要想吸收氮，必须通过固氮（nitrogen fixation）。早期，农民为了提高产量，采用了生物固氮法。生物固氮的具体操作是：先种植豆科植物（legume），增加土壤中的营养物质（nutrient），然后种植的其他农作物就可以利用土壤中的氮。豆科植物能够作为天然肥料（natural fertilizer）是利用了豆科植物有天然固氮能力的特点。在土地上先种植豆科植物，利用豆科植物的根瘤（root nodule）中寄生的根瘤菌，可以将空气中的氮气变成植物可以利用的硝酸盐（nitrate）这一过程也被称作生物固氮过程（nitrogen fixation）。工业化之后，为了增加单位面积的亩产量，天然固氮已经无法满足种植的需求，农民不得不大量使用化肥（chemical fertilizer）提供氮。化肥中多余的氮会随地表径流（run-off）流入水中，从而导致海藻变多，氧气变少，鱼类窒息而死。