「以铜为镜，可以正衣冠；以史为镜，可以知兴替。
--《旧唐书·魏征传》」
学习历史，并不是简单的纠结于历史的具体事件，而是要从历史深处学习有益于现在和未来的经历，读懂历史真正意义所在。
知来路，明去路。
开设历史课程，通过多种方式帮助学生从深入了解历史，是希望学生能够明白历史学不像是物理学或者经济学，目的不在于做出准确预测，而在于知晓未来，拓展视野，了解现在的种种绝非“自然”，也并非无可避免。未来的可能性远超过于我们的想象。
01
为什么说国际学校的历史课很难学？
根据调查显示，中国学生在国际学校的各学科的学习中，普遍认为历史学科的学习挑战是最大的。
原因无外乎两种：第一：语言的障碍。历史学中专业术语过多，叙事内容庞杂，涉及到的国家、地名、人名、事件、制度等过于繁杂，对于学生的理解和记忆力是一个非常大的挑战。
第二，历史学本身就是需要一定的批判性思维、统筹能力、逻辑推理能力、归纳能力的学科，不能依靠单纯的死记硬背来学习。对于学生的学习能力也是一次考验。
在达罗捷派，历史学科的学习中，无论是从教育目标还是考试方式，都更加侧重于引导学生采用史实和历史思维去具体的对历史事件和历史人物进行分析，借古鉴今。
教学环节中，会有大量的阅读，以及阅读之后的讨论、分析、成果展示，这不仅是对于历史批判性思维的锻炼，更对学生的写作能力及第二外语的语言使用能力有一定要求。
JPED历史课程课程设计
课程设计固然重要，但是如何在课程中调动学生兴趣，让历史课程变得丰富有趣，在授课过程中培养学生的思辨精神更为重要。
李蒙霏 Mr.Will
达罗捷派人文老师/活动策划负责人
瑞金大学战略传播文学硕士，霍顿大学传媒文学学士
热爱文学，精通中文、英语、德语三门语言，擅长国际媒体项目管理、多文化团队协作工作。曾任全球国际新闻节目制片人、环球亚洲新闻记者，2018年作为志愿者为国家会议中心提供翻译服务；2013年至今，深度参与CBN演讲俱乐部活动，现为俱乐部成员之一。
跨领域的工作经验、不同国度的文化链接使教学变得丰富多彩，带领学生感受不同语言，文化的魅力。
达罗捷派世界历史课程的授课教师Mr.Will ,带领学生通过对世界多元文化的而探索，帮助学生学会欣赏自己的民族文化以及尊重其他国家及民族的文化。通过学习历史，了解过往的重大变化和发展，引导学生对当今社会有更加清晰的理解。
本学期世界历史课程PBL，从课堂学术知识出发，将各单元学习内容通过播客这一形式进行内容产出，并以此作为PBL的最终考察。
02
为什么选择播客作为考察形式？
播客（podcast）是西方大众文化中重要的构成部分，自2014年现象级播客节目《Serial》出现，美国迎来了一个真正的主流播客时代，培养起最初的用户群体，目前仍有近三分之一的人口会拥有定期收听广播的习惯。
JPED 播客页面
除去在海外受众较广外，播客这一形式对于内容创作者来说具有一定的挑战，每一期播客节目的制作都需要经过找选题、查素材、音频录制、封面制作、配音、后期剪辑等复杂的过程。每期节目的制作过程，也是此次PBL的考核难点之一。
03
如何以内容创作者的角度学习历史？
在达罗捷派PBL项目中，要求学习活动一定是具有参与性和互动性的。在参与和互动中，提供给学生们机会以多种角色和视角立体地审视过程中出现的负责问题，并从不同维度进行分析，并通过学习到的知识，利用适合的学习方法来解决这一问题。
教学路径
作为大数据时代下的内容创作者，同学们需要找到自我表达和用户需求之间的交集。在每期节目的制作中不仅要对节目内容进行严格把控，还需要从听众的角度出发来尽最大努力满足听众需求。力争让听众通过节目产生共鸣，进而对历史知识及内容产生兴趣。
JPED带你学历史
知识及内容产生，关于石器时代的纺织业，石器时代的古人已经开始发展。伴随着制陶技术进入人类社会，纺织业也随之开始了新的发展。
项目组同学通过对播客制作流程的分析，根据自身兴趣分为不同项目组，从0到1打造JPED播客项目。
担任该职务的同学们负责主要负责播客项目的统筹和规划工作，这个岗位对同学们拥有领导力、时间管理能力、沟通能力等有一定要求。
项目经理工作记录
他们负责从日常课程中学习到的知识进行分析，确认每期主题，组织项目组会议，为各组同学分配任务，并确认及把控工作进度并对每期内容进行最终的审核。
扎实的写作是制作一期节目非常重要的步骤。写作组的同学不仅要将课程中老师讲解的历史知识进行记录，进行脚本撰写。还要根据每期主题确认历史背景，通过对史诗的查找来补充更多的历史资料。
写作组稿件撰写
音频媒介在创造时间和空间感方面的力量非常强大，但是在传递密集信息方面效率偏低，因此这就需要写作组的同学在稿件撰写时尽可能地将两者结合起来，打造更有倾听价值的内容。
设计组的同学们会根据每期主题及传播内容来确认符合的历史情境，通过对当时朝代的文化、建筑风格、生活特色进行了解，来制作每一期节目的海报及封面。
设计组设计草图
播客封面设计成品
设计组的三位同学分工明确，一人负责资料收集、一人负责logo设计和内部审核、一人负责美工。虽然三位同学在此之前并未参与过设计相关的部分，但他们还是希望挑战自己，尽己所能做到最好。
主持组的同学们负责每期项目的录音工作，在工作前，他们需要身处安静的空间，尽可能避免杂音、回响等音色的出现，影响音频质量。
PBL项目录制过程
同时需要控制好声音电平，确保音频清晰、音量大小一致，保持录音声音的一致性。很多时候保持录音声音的一致性比录音质量更重要。
剪辑组的同学会将录音素材进行整理，在保证语句通顺的前提下剪辑刁一些与主题无关的语句。将播客的音量调整到一个适合的区间内，使得听众不需要不断调整音量，并通过将播客音频的剪辑及修正，生成可以在多种设备下兼容的音频文件。
剪辑组工作素材
播客剪辑的最终目标是提高听众对于播客的听觉体验，从语言上、音量上、兼容性上让听众感觉到舒适。
审核组的同学负责队各个小组工作进行审核和监督，确认各组在规定时间内完成任务，保证每期节目以高质量准时上线。
审核组工作实景
他们认真细致的工作态度，确认历史材料的引用是否正确，对语句使用是否通顺，设计结构是否合理等缓解进行确认及复核，确保万无一失。
从0到1的打造一个历史播客，对于项目组的同学们来说是个不小的挑战，他们中的大多数同学在此之前并没有接触过相关的工作内容。在学习中成长，在探索中学习。这就是JPEDer，这就是PBL项目式学习最大的魅力。
这是我第一次制作这种类型的PBL，也是第一次和这么多同学一起合作。我作为PM的一员尽我所能帮助同学们解决问题，主要是帮助艺术组完善封面，以及最终审核。希望我们的PBL能够给大众带来不一样的观感。
-项目经理Maya
作为这个历史PBL的Project Manager，我和高兴能和班里的所有人合作去完成这个不小的挑战。PM这个岗位需要我们拥有很强的时间管理能力，从而使其他成员能够在有限的时间内完成他们的部分。很开心能与班里的所有人合作，也希望我们能够带来更好的作品。
-项目经理 Cissy
第一次做历史PBL就遇到了长期的项目，对于同学们是不小的挑战。PM这个职位更多在于规划和统筹。所以我们小组成员的状态很重要。很幸运在PM（project manager）部门小领导泂垚的帮助下，小组的成员慢慢找到了状态，尽可能高效的完成我们的工作。能和同处历史PBL播客项目的同学们认识，我很开心，希望未来能给听众带来更多优质的内容。
-项目经理 Susan
作为设计组，我们的工作就是制作节目海报和每一集的封面。这次的工作对我们来说算是个新颖的体验，因为我们之前在pbl里都从未做过设计相关的工作。尽管如此，我们还是尽力做到最好。很高兴在设计和绘画的过程中我增进了美术修养。
-设计组全体成员
最近工作了6个稿件，感觉比刚开始轻松了好多。小组的分工明确后，效率高了亿点点，感恩我的组员们能够和我一起走过这么多。并且感恩审核部能盯着我的bug和错别字看望我编辑的稿子。
-写作组全体成员
尝试了很多新的工作，将课堂所学融入到pbl当中。在录音过程中发现录音也不是很简单的工作，为了达到效果，需要一遍接着一遍录。不过很开心小组成员们都很配合，大家默契度超高！
-主持组全体成员
我们负责各个组的审核，我们需要严苛，不能心软。我们需要查出来每一处漏洞，让项目更好的完成。过程中也会因为审核不到位出现一些问题，所以我们改进策略，更加严格，增加复审。得以让项目更好的进行。我们需要制定ddl，保证每一组同学的任务不耽误下一组，在确定的时间发布作品。
-审核组全体成员
我们负责为音频增添光彩，为作品增添灵魂；我们默默无闻，我们缺一不可；我们是剪辑组。在音频上没有我们的姓名，但却又充满了我们的影子，我们抚过每一秒音频，听过每一首配乐。最终，呈现出光鲜亮丽的作品。在过程中我们常常会遇到不同的问题，不一样的意见，不可预见的局面，但是这些，对于我们的成长来说都是最好的题目，我们会学着解决问题，讨论统一意见，尝试面对不同的事。这次pbl对我们组的意义非凡。我们知道在人生的路上，没有一步是白走的，凡事都要积极面对，勇于探索，在时间的过程中提升自己，帮助他人，正所谓行而不辍，履践致远。
-剪辑组全体成员
历史学习或许有时枯燥、有时难懂、有时事件复杂、有时人物繁多，但总会有别出心裁的设计能够引导学生更好的去了解历史，走进历史，学习历史。
从历史中了解不同层次的世界，同时更加深入地了解自己。学习世界历史，了解千百年来的国际事物与国际关系，培养全球化思维和全球化视野，认识差异并尊重差异，以一颗好奇的、同理的、开放的心去接纳生活的整个世界，以全球化的思维去培养属于世界的未来公民。
「For copper mirror, can is the headgear; with history as a mirror, can know on earth.
-- Biography of Wei Zheng, The Old Tang Dynasty」
To study history is not simply to focus on specific events in history, but learning from the depths of history to compare the present with the future, and to understand the true significance of historical events.
Know the way in, know the way out.
By offering history courses and helping students to understand historical facts in many ways, I hope students can understand that history is not like physics or economics. The purpose is not to make accurate predictions, but to understand the future and broaden their horizons. Understanding the present is not "natural" and is not inevitable.The possibilities of the future are far greater than we ask, or imagine.
01 Why is history so difficult to learn in international schools?
According to the survey, Chinese students generally regard history as the most challenging subject to study among international schools subjects.
There are two reasons for this. First, language barrier. There are too many terms, or jargons in history learning, and the narrative content is too complicated. The countries, places, people’s names, events and systems involved in history are too complicated, which is a great challenge for students' comprehension and memorization.
Second, history itself is a discipline that requires critical thinking, overall planning, logical reasoning and inductive ability, rather than learning by rote memorization.It is also a test for students' learning ability.
In JPED, the study of history is more focused on guiding students to use historical facts and historical thinking to specifically analyze historical events and historical figures and learn from the past and the present, no matter in terms of educational objectives or examination methods.
In the teaching process, there will be a lot of reading, as well as discussion, analysis and display of results after reading, which not only exercises the historical critical thinking, but also has certain requirements for students' writing ability and language use ability of the second foreign language.
Curriculum design of JPED History course
Course design is important, but how to arouse students' interest in the course, make the history course rich and interesting, and cultivate students' critical thinking spirit in the teaching process is more important.
Mengfei Li Mr.Will
Humanities teacher/Event planner at JPED
Master of Arts in Strategic Communication, Regent University;
Bachelor of Arts in Media, Houghton University
Passionate about literature, fluent in Chinese, English and German, specialising in international media project management and multicultural teamwork. He has worked as a global international news programme producer, a reporter for Global Asia News, and provided translation services for the China National Convention Centre as a volunteer in 2018; He has been deeply involved in CBN Speech Club activities since 2013 and is a member of the club.
The cross-disciplinary work experience and the cultural links between different countries enriched his teaching, and able to lead students to experience the charm of different languages and cultures.
Mr.Will, the teacher of the JPED Academy for World History course, leads the students through the exploration of the world's diverse cultures, helping the students to learn to appreciate their own culture and respect the cultures of other countries and nations.Through the study of history, students will learn about the major changes and developments in the past and gain a clearer understanding of today's society.
In this semester's World History course PBL, based on classroom academic knowledge, each unit of learning content is produced through the form of podcasts, and this is the final investigation of PBL.
02 Why do you choose podcasts as the form of study?
Podcasts are an important part of Western popular culture. Since the 2014 phenomenon podcast Serial, the era of truly mainstream podcasting in the United States has nurtured its initial audience, with nearly a third of the population still regularly listening to the radio.
JPED podcasts
In addition to its wide audience overseas, the form of podcasting poses certain challenges for content creators. The production of each podcast requires a complex process of selecting topics, searching materials, audio recording, cover production, dubbing, post editing and so on.The production process of each program is also one of the difficulties in the assessment of PBL.
03 How to learn history from the perspective of a content creator?
In the Darrotier PBL program, it is required that the learning activities must be participatory and interactive.In the process of participation and interaction, students are provided with the opportunity to view responsibility problems in a three-dimensional manner from multiple roles and perspectives, analyze them from different dimensions, and use the knowledge learned to solve the problem using appropriate learning methods.
Pedagogical pathways
As content creators in the age of big data, students need to find the interdiv between self-expression and users' needs.In the production of each program, students not only need to strictly control the content of the program, but also need to try their best to meet the needs of the audience from the perspective of the audience.Strive to let the audience resonate through the program, and then have an interest in historical knowledge and content.
JPED podcast history
The JPED podcast logo
Regarding the textile industry of the Stone Age,the ancient people of the Stone Age had already begun to develop.With the introduction of pottery technology into human society,the textile indestry also began a new development.
Read more of the JPED podcast in the bottom left corner
Through the analysis of the podcast production process, the students of the project team were divided into different project teams according to their own interests to build the JPED podcast project from 0 to 1.
Students in this position are mainly responsible for the planning and coordination of the podcast project. This position requires students to have leadership, time management skills, communication skills, etc.
Project Manager work record
They are responsible for analyzing the knowledge learned from daily courses, confirming the theme of each session, organizing project team meetings, assigning tasks to each group of students, confirming and controlling the work progress and conducting the final review of the content of each session.
Solid writing is a very important step in producing a program.The students in the writing group should not only record the history knowledge explained by the teacher in the course, but also write the script.They also need to confirm the historical background according to the theme of each session and supplement more historical consultation by searching for epics.
Writers group manuscript writing
Audio is a powerful medium for recreating the sense of time and space, but it is inefficient for retransmitting dense information. Therefore, it is up to the writing team to combine the two as much as possible during the writing process to create a more listening content.
Students in the design group will confirm the historical situation according to the theme and communication content of each program, and make the poster and cover of each program by understanding the culture, architectural style and life characteristics of the dynasty at that time.
The design team will make a sketch
Podcast cover design the finished product
The three students in the design team have a clear division of labor: one is responsible for data collection, one is responsible for logo design and internal review, and one is responsible for art.Although the three students had not been involved in the design before, they still wanted to challenge themselves to do the best they could.
The students in the host group are responsible for the recording work of each project. Before work, they need to be in a quiet space to avoid noise, echo and other timbre as much as possible, which may affect the audio quality.
PBL project recording process
At the same time, it is necessary to control the sound level, ensure that the audio is clear, the volume is consistent, and maintain the consistency of the recorded sound.In many cases, maintaining the consistency of the recorded sound is more important than the quality of the recording.
Members of the editing team will arrange the recording material and clip some unrelated sentences on the premise of ensuring the fluency of the sentences.Adjust the volume of the podcast to a suitable range, so that listeners do not need to adjust the volume constantly, and by editing and correcting the podcast audio, produce audio files that are compatible with a variety of devices.
Clip groups to work with material
The ultimate goal of a podcast clip is to improve the listening experience of the podcast by making the listener comfortable in terms of language, volume, and compatibility.
The students in the audit team are responsible for auditing and supervising the work of each group, confirming that each group completes the task within the specified time, and ensuring that each program is on line with high quality and on time.
The audit group work reality
Their careful and meticulous working attitude, confirm whether the reference of historical materials is correct, whether the use of the statement is smooth, whether the design structure is reasonable and other mitigation for confirmation and review, to ensure that there is no mistake.
Creating a history podcast from 0 to 1 was a big challenge for the students in the project team, most of whom had not been exposed to related work content before.We grow by learning and learn by exploring.This is JPEDer, and this is the greatest charm of PBL project-based learning.
This is the first time for me to make this type of PBL, and the first time for me to collaborate with so many students.As a member of the PM, I tried my best to help the students solve their problems, mainly helping the art group to perfect the cover, as well as the final review.I hope our PBL can bring a different look and feel to the public.
-Maya, Project Manager
As the Project Manager of this historical PBL, I am excited to collaborate with all of the people in the class to complete this no small challenge.The post of PM requires us to have strong time management ability, so that other members can complete their work in the limited time.I am very happy to cooperate with all the members of the class, and I hope we can bring better works.
-Cissy, Project Manager
The first time I did history PBL, I encountered a long-term project, which was not a small challenge for the students.The position of PM is more about planning and coordination.So the status of our team members is very important.Very lucky in the PM (project manager) department leader Jiong Yao, with the help of a member of the team slowly found a state, finish our work as efficiently as possible.Can and with PBL podcast history students understanding of the project, I am very happy, hope the future will bring more high quality content on the audience.
-Susan, Project Manager
As the design team, it's our job to create the show posters and cover for each episode.This was a new experience for us because none of us had ever done any design-related work at pbl before.Nevertheless, we tried to do our best.I am glad that I have improved my art skills in the process of designing and drawing.
-All members of the design team
I have worked on 6 projects recently, and I feel much more relaxed than when I started.After the division of labor was clear, the efficiency increased by hundreds of millions of points. I am grateful that my team members can go through so much with me.I am also grateful that the review department can look at my bugs and typos and see my edited manuscripts.
- All members of the writing team
Tried many new jobs and incorporated what we learned in class into pbl.In the process of recording, I found that recording was not a very easy job. In order to achieve the effect, I needed to record again and again.But I am very happy that the team members are very cooperative, everyone has a high degree of tacit understanding!
-Host the whole team
We are responsible for the audit of all groups. We need to be strict and not soft.We need to find out every loophole, so that the project can be better completed.During the process, there were also some problems due to inadequate audit, so we improved our strategy, made it more rigorous and increased the review.So that the project can be carried out better.We need to develop ddl to ensure that each group of students' task will not delay the next group, and the work will be released at a certain time.
- All members of the audit team
We are responsible for adding luster to the audio and soul to the work;We are unknown, we are indispensable;We're the editing crew.We don't have our names on the audio, but it's full of us, we've watched every second of the audio, we've heard every soundtrack.In the end, there is a beautiful piece of music.In the process, we often encounter different problems, different opinions and unforeseeable situations, but these are the best topics for our growth. We will learn to solve problems, discuss and agree, and try to face different things.This time pbl is of great significance to our group.We know that on the road of life, not a step is in vain, everything should be positive face, the courage to explore, in the process of time to improve themselves, help others, is the so-called do not stop, practice to reach the distance.
- All members of the editing team
History learning may be sometimes boring, sometimes difficult, sometimes complex events, sometimes numerous characters, but there is always a unique design can guide students to better understand history, walk into history, and learn history.
From the history to understand different levels of the world, at the same time more deeply understand themselves.Learn the world history, understand the international affairs and international relations in the past thousands of years, cultivate the global thinking and vision, understand and respect the differences, accept the whole world with a curious, empathetic and open heart, and cultivate the future citizens of the world with a global thinking.
