高藤Talk第十一期如约强势来袭！

SMCS Talk dazzles us again！

本期高藤TALK中，在教师分享环节，Kathy老师谈论的话题，正是我们经常接触的，却最容易忽略的事-核酸检测。

In the SMCS Talk, Kathy talked about what we often saw, but overlooked most of the time - PCR Test.

在学生分享环节，Jolanda and Alice向我们介绍了一种饮食文化，它已经成为一种全新的环保、健康生活方式。

In students’ sharing session, Jolanda and Alice introduced a food culture - vegetarianism, which has become a new environmentally friendly and healthy lifestyle.

什么是核酸检测？

What is PCR Testing ?

核酸检测的物质是病毒的核酸。核酸检测是查找人体的呼吸道标本、血液或粪便中是否存在外来入侵的病毒的核酸，来确定是否被新冠病毒感染。

The polymerase chain reaction detects the nucleic acid of the virus. Polymerase chain reactions are used to determine whether a person has been infected with the coronavirus by looking for the presence of foreign viruses in respiratory specimens, blood or feces.

虽然中文称为核酸检测，英文说法并没有包含“nucleic acid核酸”这个词语。核酸检测的专业术语应该是聚合酶连锁反应。

Although the Chinese term is "nucleic acid testing", the English term does not contain the word "nucleic acid". The technical term for nucleic acid testing is polymerase chain reaction.

常规的样本类型包括咽拭子、鼻拭子、痰液、支气管灌洗液、肺泡灌洗液等，目前采样最多的是咽拭子、鼻拭子。

Conventional sample types include pharyngeal swabs, nasal swabs, sputum, bronchial lavage fluid, alveolar lavage fluid, etc. At present, the most samples are pharyngeal swabs and nasal swabs.

核酸检测原理

Principle of Detection

在检测过程中，先采用PCR技术将新冠病毒的核酸（RNA）逆转录为对应的脱氧核糖核酸（DNA），再采用荧光定量PCR技术，将得到的DNA进行大量复制，同时，使用特异性探针对复制得到的DNA进行检测，打上标记。如果存在新冠病毒核酸，仪器就可以检测到荧光信号，而且，随着DNA的不断复制，荧光信号不断增强，这样就间接检测到了新冠病毒的存在。

In the process of detection, PCR technology is first used to reverse transcribed the nucleic acid (RNA) of the coronavirus into the corresponding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and then fluorescent quantitative PCR technology is used to make a large number of copies of the obtained DNA. At the same time, specific probes are used to detect and mark the copied DNA. If the nucleic acid of the coronavirus is present, the instrument can detect the fluorescence signal, and as the DNA continues to replicate, the fluorescence signal is enhanced, thus indirectly detecting the presence of the novel coronavirus.

“红水水”是什么？

What is the "Red Water"

胍盐是一种常用的蛋白质变性剂，它可以破坏病毒表面蛋白外壳，从而暴露待测的核酸。

Guanidine salt is a commonly used protein denaturantt can destroy the virus surface protein coat, thus exposing the nucleic acid to be tested.

保存液中还含有一定量的双咪唑烷，因其有一定的杀菌抑菌作用，通常被用作防腐剂，我们常用的面膜、乳液中有的也有添加。

The preservation solution also contains a certain amount of diimidazolane, which is usually used as a preservative because of its bactericidal and bacteriostatic effect. Some of our commonly used facial masks and emulsions are also added.

“红水水”的主要作用：灭活病毒、杀菌抑菌、保证核酸的稳定性。

The main function of "red water" : inactivate virus, bactericidal and bacteriostatic, ensure the stability of nucleic acid.

素食主义

Vegetarianism

素食主义是一种饮食的文化，实践这种饮食文化的人称为素食主义者，这些人不食用来自动物身上各部分所制成的食物，包括动物油、动物胶。

Vegetarianism is a kind of diet culture. People who practice this diet culture are called vegetarians. These people do not eat food made from any parts of animals, including animal oil and glue.

素食主义发展历史

History of vegetarianism

素食主义最早来源于古印度的宗教、哲学传统和地中海东部文明。

Vegetarianism originated in ancient Indian religious and philosophical traditions and eastern Mediterranean civilizations.

在天主教早期的圣徒时代，许多人对肉类带来的不洁心怀恐惧。在稍后的一段时间内和中世纪，许多神职人员和隐士出于禁欲主义放弃食用肉类。

In the days of the early saints of Catholicism, many people feared the impurity of meat. At a later time and in the Middle Ages, many clerics and hermits gave up meat out of asceticism.

在文艺复兴时期素食非常盛行，其主要原因是当时拙劣的贮藏方式，导致肉食很容易变质，生蛆，导致肉食的口味很差，还容易传播疫病，令群众健康情况恶化。

During the Renaissance, vegetarianism was very popular. The main reason was that the poor storage methods at that time led to the deterioration of meat easily, maggots, poor taste of meat, and the spread of diseases, which worsened people's health.

自17世纪起，素食主义开始在英国发展起来，拒绝肉食的宗教团体越来越多。托马斯（Thomas Tryon）是十七世纪突出的素食主义倡导者，他主张完全弃绝以“动物同伴的肉体”为食。

Since the 17th century, when vegetarianism began to develop in Britain, the number of religious groups rejecting meat has increased. Thomas Tryon, a prominent advocate of vegetarianism in the 17th century, advocated the complete renunciation of eating "the flesh of fellow animals."

19世纪，第一个素食协会在伦敦成立，英格兰其他城市纷纷紧随其后。素食主义运动也而后与1809年诞生于英国曼彻斯特，相继在其它西方国家开展起来。

The first vegetarian society was formed in London in the 19th century, and other cities in England followed. The vegetarianism movement was born in Manchester, England in 1809 and spread to other Western countries.

个人影响

(Personal Influence)

对个人而言，实行素食主义有助于保持身材，延长寿命，降低患糖尿病，中风，心血管疾病和消化系统中癌症的机率，同时避免过高的胆固醇水平等等。

On an individual level, vegetarianism can help you stay fit, live longer, reduce your risk of diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular disease and digestive cancer, and avoid high cholesterol levels, among other things.

素食习惯使人饮食过量，缺乏饱腹感，蛋白质，膳食纤维和维生素的指标是否合格也无法保证。

Vegetarian habits lead to overeating, lack of satiety, protein, dietary fiber and vitamin indicators are not guaranteed.

纯素食也无法提供所有人体必需的氨基酸，矿物质以及必需维生素。因此素食主义者需要使用相应的补剂来弥补缺失的营养物质。

A vegan diet also fails to provide all essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins. So vegetarians need to use supplements to make up for the missing nutrients.

环境影响

(Environmental Influence)

食用肉类需要豢养许多家畜从而排放出甲烷，而甲烷这种温室气体带来的温室效应是二氧化碳的23倍。

Eating meat requires raising many livestock which emit methane, a greenhouse gas 23 times more potent than carbon dioxide.

肉类产品生产过程中所需要用到的水和土地资源也会影响环境。比如，生产一磅牛肉需要的再生水约是生产一磅小麦所需的125倍。

The water and land resources used in meat production also affect the environment. For example, it takes about 125 times as much recycled water to produce a pound of beef as it does to produce a pound of wheat.

如果每个人都成为素食者，全球耕地的使用量可以减少75%，一块相当于美国、澳大利亚、欧盟和中国国土面积总和的地区，将从世界范围内的农田使用中解放出来。这对于之前提到的环境问题的改善也可想而知。

If everyone became a vegetarian, global arable land use could be reduced by 75 percent, freeing an area the size of the United States, Australia, the European Union and China combined from worldwide farmland use. This can also be imagined for the improvement of the aforementioned environmental problems.

晨会Drama—三只小猪(警匪版)