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从“挤牙膏式”写作到“像作家一样”写作,VPA的语言文学教育秘籍大公开

2022-06-17

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【小鲨说】维多利亚教育机构1965年创办于香港,以学术卓越、品格优秀及青少年个人多元素质培养而著名,并于1998年由孔美琪博士引入内地。


丽林维育礼雅(VPA)植根于国家课程,借鉴IB教学的过程和方法。融合尊师重教与严谨治学的中国教育、探究式及跨学科学习的前沿教学理念, 延续维多利亚五十多年“一师一语言”的沉浸式双语教学经验,实行“中英文双班主任制”,形成独一无二的课程体系与校园文化。


为了助您更全面、深入了解丽林维育礼雅(VPA)的办学理念,小鲨将从IB课程设置科技创新全人教育语言文学四个侧面,为您详细阐释VPA 的课程特色。

[V-Shark Saying] Shenzhen Victoria Park Academy is a Year 1 to Year 9 bilingual school. Victoria Education Organization was founded in Hong Kong in 1965, and is well known in Hong Kong for its excellence in academics, character building, and individual nurturing of young learners.


VPA will integrate the Chinese educational tradition of respecting the teachers and valuing rigorous academic disciplines, with the pioneering teaching concept of inquiry-based learning. The Academy continues the 50 years’ tradition of immersive bilingual education – ‘one teacher, one language’. 


In order to help you gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of VPA, V-Shark will introduce the curriculum system featuring IB, Technology and Innovation, Holistic Education and Language Literacy from now on.


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在开始本期的话题之前,小鲨先提出几个问题,请各位家长们、教育工作者们一同回答:


· 阅读能力与说话一样是与生俱来的吗?

· 面对口才极佳而拿起笔就无话可写的孩子该怎么办?

· 如何利用语言学习帮助学生将想法和思考转换为实际行动?


在倡导全民阅读的时代,阅读作为教育手段与教学内容的一部分,越来越受到教育专家及家长们追捧。全球越来越多的教师已经意识到,阅读的意义不仅仅是解码、记忆或回答出正确的阅读理解问题,更是要促使学生不断思考,深入理解文本给他们带来的改变和启发。


什么样的学习策略最有助于学生更热爱阅读、更有效阅读、更深刻阅读?怎样的教学策略最有助于学生表达情感、想法和发现?


维多利亚累积了丰富的实践经验,形成独特的双语阅读课程体系,该体系在香港沪江维多利亚实践成效显著。以沪江维多利亚学校(VSA)为例,语言学习由以下几个部分统合而成:


-语文学习 

    -哥伦比亚大学读写项目(双语)

    -词汇学习、语音和词汇构建计划 (英语语音课程)

-探究学习

    -IB小学项目


VPA将延续维多利亚五十多年“一师,一语言”的沉浸式双语教学经验,实行“中英文双班主任制”教学,帮助学生成为热爱阅读、勤于创作的终身学习者。


Before taking a glimpse at what we do in language learning, V-Shark would like to ask a few questions first:


-Is reading as natural as speaking?

-What to do with a child who is eloquent in speaking but has difficulties in writing?

-How to help students turn their thoughts into practice through reading and writing?


In the era which highly advocates reading, reading is increasingly sought after by educational experts and parents both as educational approaches and as teaching contents. More and more teachers around the world have realized that the meaning of reading is not only to decode texts, memorize facts or answer questions correctly, but also to encourage students to constantly deepen their thinking on what changes of mind or new thoughts can be drawn from the reading process.


At VPA, we provide:  


Language Literacy

•Columbia University Literacy Program(bilingual)

•Words Their Way - Word Study, Phonics & Vocabulary Building Program(English Phonics Programme)


Inquiry Learning

•IB PYP



一、

什么是哥伦比亚大学读写项目?

What is TCRWP?

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哥伦比亚大学读写项目(简称TCRWP)由卡尔金斯教授创办。她是美国在课程开发领域的代表人物,同时也是一名教师、作家及理论家。


卡尔金斯教授远程参加我们在前海举办的教育论坛画面


卡尔金斯教授在书法、拼写和句子结构往往是一个更大的焦点的时候,将这些做法带到幼儿身上,成为教育领域的革命性领袖。在师范学院,她开始在纽约市的学校培训教育工作者,促使他们给孩子们“作家的笔记本”,记录他们的生活。卡尔金斯教授将类似的原则扩展到阅读教学中,目的是帮助孩子们建立一个快乐的读者身份。


卡尔金斯教授与总校长孔美琪合影


TCRWP强调,每个人都是阅读者和作者,阅读和写作都是能教的,学生通过学习具体有效的策略,提升理解力和写作能力。工作坊的目标是培养独立的阅读者和作者,给予学生大量选择的机会,提供大量的读、写时间给学生练习。在VSA,我们学生的作品篇幅长又真实,每周能写2-3篇文章,这并不是因为老师的硬性要求,而是孩子们有兴趣写,学会了怎么写。


TCRWP现在与全球约 700 所学校合作,每年为数万名教师提供支持。TCRWP 每年开展近40个短期培训课程,主题从非小说类阅读教学到公平,从语音学到支持个别化的教育方案的孩子,每年领导全球学区的一百多次本地培训及研讨项目。


在多年来广泛收集数据的纽约,使用TCRWP学习单元的学生,无论是整体还是小组,都比不使用学习单元的学生在英语阅读及写作中达到更高的熟练程度。


 图表来
源于TCRWP 2019 Data Report


Professor Calkins is far more typical in the world of curriculum development: She is a teacher, a writer, and a theorist.



Professor Calkins became a revolutionary leader in education by bringing these practices to young children at a time when penmanship, spelling and sentence structure were often a bigger focus. At Teachers College, she began training educators in New York City schools, prompting them to give children “writers’ notebooks” to chronicle their lives.



The Columbia Teachers College Reading and Writing Program’s purpose is to foster a life-long love of reading and writing, and to inspire children to be avid readers and writers. Time is given each day for active and purposeful engagement in reading and writing. One of the most important aspects of the program is the concept of choice. The students themselves choose what they want to read and write about, ensuring that they are active participants in their learning.

The Reading and Writing Project now partners with approximately 700 schools and supports tens of thousands of teachers each year. TCRWP runs almost forty mini-institutes annually on topics ranging from teaching nonfiction reading to equity, from phonics to supporting kids with IEPs, and it annually leads over a hundred locally based institutes in school districts worldwide.



   Source:TCRWP 2019 Data Report

二、

找寻属于自己的学习方法

我们如何给学生提供完整且多样化的语言学习体验?

What is the balanced literacy program?

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在VPA,我们为学生的语言学习提供多元的支持,学生根据教师提供的策略开展自己的学习。学生可以在阅读工作坊、写作工作坊、识字练习、朗读故事、分享阅读、互动写作、分享写作中,找寻自己最舒适的最高效的语言学习方法。



在VPA,我们鼓励学生在阅读工作坊与写作工作坊中,独立完成阅读与写作,然而两者并不是孤立的,它们互相配合、支援。


共享阅读与阅读工作坊也有所区别,在共享阅读时,学生连续4、5天读同一篇文章(相比于阅读工作坊的文章难度更高),从老师带领读到最后学生能自行阅读,帮助学生学习、重复阅读策略,提升语文阅读流畅度、准确度,理解和阅读习惯,让学生向“作家”学习写作。



分享写作和互动写作,则是由学生与老师共同写作,学生提供想法或意见,老师示范写作:文句结构、语法、字词、修改和修订等。


We provide a supportive learning experience for our students, who can conduct their own learning according to the strategies provided by the teachers. The Reader’s & Writer’s Workshop ensures balanced literacy as there is daily practice of read-alouds, guided reading, shared reading, phonics, independent reading, interactive writing, shared writing and word study.


At VPA, we encourage students to read and write independently in reading workshops and writing workshops. We offer a curriculum that integrates reading and writing workshops where they are inseparable and supporting each other.


There are differences between shared reading and reading workshops. In shared reading, students read the relatively harder article for 4 or 5 days, from the teacher to the end of the students can read on their own, to help students learn and repeat reading strategies, improve language reading fluency, accuracy, comprehension and reading habits, so that students learn to write from "writers".


Shared writing and interactive writing are written by students and teachers, students provide ideas or opinions, and teachers demonstrate writing: sentence structure, grammar, words, and revisions. 


三、

兴趣是最好的老师

我们如何为学生提供个性化的语言学习体验?

How to read and write on grade level?

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相信很多家长在辅导孩子写作过程中都遇到过这种状况:你一个个单词示范拼写,示范一遍只能有个大概的印象,只有反复示范,孩子才能一点点记住。因此,有家长戏称辅导孩子写作治好了多年的低血压。传统的读写学习过程缓慢而艰难,在家长的怒吼中,很多孩子的“眼睛”会了,“手”却还没会。

 

在传统的课堂中,教师重视规则,例如首字母要大写,每个字母贴着线来写,字母和字母之间空一个手指,在句子结束的时候加上标点。这种简单、统一的教育方式,显然难以提起孩子对阅读与写作的兴趣。

 

在VPA,我们着力于为学生提供个性化的语言学习体验。我们要求学生运用语言来创造性地解决问题或处理资讯,鼓励学生在课堂上合作开展适当的讨论,开发适合学生个人的拼写策略。这与传统课堂中,读写时过分注意关注准确性,死记硬背,单纯依赖教师语言示范的学习方法迥然不同。


When children enter primary school, they begin to establish writing awareness. The first step in writing is for the teacher to clearly demonstrate. In traditional classes, teachers attach importance to rules. For example, the first letter should be capitalized, each letter should be written within a line, a finger should be left between the letters, and punctuation should be added at the end of the sentence.



都说“兴趣是最好的老师”。在VPA,我们辅助学生尽可能的多表达,鼓励学生自由地选取写作内容。


根据学生的兴趣、需求来教学,我们提供非常个人化的指导与反馈:

- 学生有大量的选择机会:包括阅读什么书,如何选择适合自己的图书(分层阅读),写作什么题目,如何从策略工具库中选择自己需要的阅读或写作策略,何时重读、重写、编辑修改,如何设定自己学习目标等等;

- 每堂课都有老师一对一面谈及小组指导(3-4个人);

- 学生在学习社群中学习:阅读伙伴、写作伙伴共同讨论、回应、轮流练习策略、寻求建议、给予反馈、共同庆祝。



VPA课程设计负责人Gloria向我们详细描述了一年级的写作工作坊过程。首先,在10分钟的迷你课中,老师会联系生活中的趣事、情景,引发学生的兴趣,然后通过展示、发问与发现、逐步教导、利用实例等方式教授学生一个具体的写作策略。学生会和写作小伙伴一起练习刚刚教过的策略。


接下来学生将有20-30分钟的时间写作,与此同时老师则会进行一对一反馈或小组指导。每堂课结束前学生们可以和伙伴分享自己的作品。VPA的写作课非常注重过程。教师会鼓励学生思考对自己来说有意义的事物作为写作主体,指导学生自拟计划,述说、讨论写作内容,然后才写作初稿并修改。针对低年段学生,我们还会鼓励他们将内容画出来辅助思考。每个学生的写作作品也会公开发布,邀请伙伴、亲友一同庆祝。


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孔校长分享了最近在沪江维多利亚学校的一堂写作工作坊。


在这堂课中,学生们将耳熟能详的童话故事进行改写,“灰姑娘”的故事在孩子的笔下成为“狡猾的灰王子”,拥有了截然不同的童话结局。



左右滑动查看更多



孔校长这样介绍这堂课:“这些童话故事已经有很多不同版本的演绎,孩子们不是为了读经典而读,而是为了解构经典和再创叙事版本。”


在课堂上,每个孩子都饶有趣味,大开脑洞,不仅主动学习了文本工具,更深度体验了创作的心流



“双语的写作课程并不是单纯的中翻英或者英翻中,我们会根据孩子喜欢的题目,一个题目用英文做阅读分析和写作,一个题目用中文。能够让中英文教师这样紧密配合设计课程是最难的,在很多学校就推行不了。”孔校长强调,“在写作过程中,我们允许孩子的拼写和语法错误,并且鼓励他们大胆创作,对于不会拼写的单词可以在纸面上标注,不打断孩子写作的连贯性。”


Principal Koong shared a recent case of writing workshop at VSA.


In this class, students were encouraged to twist fairy tales. The story of "Cinderella" becomes the "cunning Prince" under the student's pen. And the three little pigs have very different fairy tale endings.


Principal Koong introduced the lesson this way: "These fairy tales have been interpreted in many different versions, and the children do not read for the sake of reading the classics, but to deconstruct the classics and recreate the narratives."


"Bilingual writing courses are not simply Chinese or English translations, we will use English for reading analysis and writing according to the children's favorite topics, and Chinese for another one. It is most difficult to get Chinese and English teachers to work closely together to design a curriculum, which is hard to be implemented in many schools. " Principal Koong emphasized, "In the writers’ workshop, we allow children to make spelling and grammatical errors, and encourage them to be bold and creative."




四、

我们如何表达情感、想法和发现?

How to express emotions, reflections, and findings?

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在维多利亚,我们一直以IB理念为核心,设计开发各类课程,语言文学的课程也离不开IB课程的 ATL作为学习方法,将概念驱动的探究课程与语言学习融合。


众所周知,IB强调培养的五种技能分别是:交流、社交、自我管理、研究和思考

Taking the IB philosophy as the core, we have been designing and developing various courses at VSA, and the language and literature curriculum is inseparable from the IB learning method. ATL, as an approach to learn, is blending in a concept-driven inquiry curriculum with language learning.



五种相关联的技能旨在支持所有年龄段的学生成为自我调控的学习者。他们懂得如何提出好的问题,设定有效的目标,追求自己的抱负并有决心实现它们。这些技能也能促进学生的能动性,鼓励他们将自己的学习视为一个积极和动态的过程。毋庸置疑,语言能力可以帮助学生提升交流和社交的能力,我们在语言学习中,如何塑造学生研究、思考的能力呢?


这就回到了文章开头提到的问题:如何利用语言学习帮助学生将想法和思考转换为实际行动?



VSA中文学科建设负责人Connie分享了一个高年级的概念驱动的单元案例。在整本文学作品单元 《喜宴》的教学设计中,学生层层细读文本,并积极思考不同观点、多元文化与身份认同在文本中的呈现,学生通过ATL学习活动将具体性的知识转化为概念性理解,最终能够迁移到新情境或现实问题中,展开对全球议题的探讨



通过对《喜宴》的文本分析,学生自拟探究话题。从问题入手,训练学生有效提问的能力;教师搭建“支架”,引导学生多角度思考,训练学生查找细节和整合例子的能力。通过教师专业的引导,学生由浅入深地建构理解


Connie指出,在小学项目(PYP)的超学科学习中,学生掌握的概念包括形式、功能、原因、变化、联系、观点、责任和反思。在所有的IB课程中,教学都要对概念进行探索,帮助学生建立联系,从而学以致用、举一反三






以上就是VPA课程特色介绍系列的【语言文学篇】,下期我们将聚焦全人教育,详细介绍我们的全人教育理念与案例,欢迎持续关注。


The above is the VPA course feature introduction series of [Language Learning]. we will focus on whole person education and give more detailed introduction to our whole-person education in the next article. Stay tuned.




声明:本文内容为国际教育号作者发布,不代表国际教育网的观点和立场,本平台仅提供信息存储服务。

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